Rare Gases are gases that exist in very small amounts in the atmosphere, among which helium, neon, krypton and xenon are more important. These gases have some special physical and chemical properties and are widely used in modern industry, medical treatment, scientific research and other fields. Therefore, the storage and transportation technology of rare gases has always been the focus of people's attention and research.

At present, the storage and transportation technology of  rare Gases has been very mature, and is widely used in industry, medical treatment, scientific research and other fields.

In the following, we will introduce the research and development of rare gas technology in terms of storage and transportation.

Storage Technology 

Rare gases are mainly stored in liquid and gaseous forms. The liquid storage mode is mainly used for gases such as helium and neon, while the gaseous storage mode is used for gases such as argon, krypton and xenon. 

Liquid Storage: The critical temperature of helium and neon liquids is very close to absolute zero, so there is little loss of liquid storage at room temperature, and the storage density is relatively high. Liquid storage requires lower temperatures and atmospheric pressure to operate. Conventional tanks use a double wall of stainless steel on the inside and room temperature polystyrene on the outside. The surface of the tank needs insulation to reduce the exchange of heat and allow helium and neon to remain liquid. Liquid storage housing also needs to be equipped with a pressure relief valve to ensure the safety of use. 

Gaseous Storage: Gases such as argon, krypton, and xenon are generally stored in gaseous form. Gaseous storage requires materials that depend on pressurization and containers. Argon, for example, needs to be stored at room temperature at nearly 200 times the atmospheric pressure, while krypton and xenon need to be stored at about 500 times the atmospheric pressure. This needs to be noted because of the fire and explosion hazards inherent in high-pressure gas containers. Therefore, material safety, pressurization and valve design need to be considered in gaseous storage.

Technology of Transportation

The transport of rare gases needs to take into account the relatively low density of rare gases, resulting in great challenges in the design of storage and delivery materials, including cryogenic liquids. Therefore, the delivery system of rare gases needs to be more unique than other gas systems. 

Liquid Transport: Liquid helium and neon transport requires liquid permanent carriers to attach helium and neon. The advantage of liquid transport is that it can be carried out at low temperatures to avoid the loss of helium and neon when they become gaseous during transport. The cooled liquid needs to be evaporated into a gaseous state by a heater and cooled again to complete the liquid cycle, which also requires special equipment to complete. 

Gaseous Transport: The transport of gases such as argon, krypton and xenon is mainly carried out in the form of compressed gases. Special attention should be paid to the compressed gas transmission pipeline, which requires special valve and joint design to ensure the purity of gaseous rare gases. 

In general, the research and development of rare gas storage and transportation technology includes the selection of materials, the design of containers, the design of transmission pipelines and the selection of equipment. Due to the wide application range and high technical difficulty of rare gas, countries always continue to explore and innovate in the research of rare gas technology, hoping to choose the appropriate technical path, expand the application field of rare gas, and constantly improve the reliability and economy of rare gas storage and transportation technology.

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