Do you know propane R290 ?
Time : 2025-01-16

R-290 Basic information

Chinese name: propane

English name: Propane

Abbreviation for refrigerant: R-290, HC-290

Chemical formula: C3H8

Molecular weight: 44.09

CAS number: 74-98-6

EINECS number: 200-827-9

Related domestic standard: HG/T 4632-2014


R-290 Physical properties

Appearance and properties: colorless odorless gas

Melting point: -187.6℃

Boiling point: -42.1℃

Flash point: -104℃

Critical temperature: 96.8℃

Critical pressure: 4.25MPa

Upper limit of explosion (V/V) : 9.5%

Lower explosion limit (V/V) : 2.1%

Saturated vapor pressure (kPa) : 53.32(-55.6℃)

Solubility: slightly soluble in water, soluble in ethanol, ether

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R-290 refrigerant, whose main component is natural propane, is a pure natural refrigerant. It is extremely environmentally friendly, with a global warming potential (GWP) of only 3 and an ozone depletion potential (ODP) of 0. It neither causes damage to the ozone layer nor produces greenhouse effect, making it a model of a completely environmentally friendly refrigerant.

From an economic point of view, R-290 refrigerant is extremely cost-effective. In terms of charging volume, its dosage is only 40% to 55% of the traditional refrigerant R-22 and R-410A. The substantial reduction in dosage directly brings about the reduction of cost, making the use of R-290 refrigerant more economical.


In terms of energy saving, R-290 refrigerant performs well. It has a lower freezing point and a larger latent heat of evaporation, which enables a faster cooling rate per unit time. At the same time, its isentroic compression ratio does less work, so that the compressor is easier to work in the process, not only helps to extend the service life of the compressor, but also can effectively reduce energy consumption. In addition, R-290 refrigerant has a small molecular weight, good fluidity and low delivery pressure, which further reduces the load of the compressor. Taken together, the use of R-290 refrigerant can achieve energy savings of 15% to 35%.


In terms of refrigeration performance, R-290 refrigerant is equally excellent. It can shorten the cooling time of air conditioning compressor, and its cooling effect is comparable to R-22. R-290 refrigerant has a large cooling capacity per unit volume and per unit mass, and the heat transfer performance of condenser and evaporator is also superior, thus saving about 30% of electric energy under the same cooling effect.


R-290 refrigerant is also highly adaptable. Unlike most refrigerants, which are composed of a mixture of CFCS, HFCS, or HCFCS, which tend to perform poorly in hot or tropical areas, the R-290 refrigerant is uniquely adapted to hot climates and can operate reliably at high temperatures.


In terms of applications, R-290 refrigerant is very broad. It can be used in refrigerators, household air conditioners, clothes dryers, refrigerated vehicles and other refrigeration systems, providing efficient refrigeration solutions for all kinds of refrigeration equipment.


Safety fire and storage points for R-290


It should be noted that R-290 is a flammable gas and will form an explosive mixture when mixed with air, which may trigger combustion or even explosion once it encounters a heat source or open flame. Moreover, it reacts violently when it comes into contact with oxidants. Its vapor is denser than air and can spread to distant places at lower levels. In case of open fire, it may cause backignition. In addition, if a vessel containing R-290 is subjected to high heat, the pressure inside the vessel will increase, and there is a risk of cracking or even explosion. Therefore, it is very important to understand and do a good job in preventive measures and master the correct fire fighting and storage methods.


When extinguishing a fire, the air source should be cut off first. If the gas source cannot be cut off immediately, then no attempt should be made to extinguishing the burning gas. At the same time, water should be sprayed to cool the container, and if conditions permit, the container should be moved from the fire to an open area. Firefighters must wear full-body protective clothing while fighting the fire, close the cylinder valves to cut off the air source, cool the vessels in the fire with water, and spray water to protect the rescue personnel who perform the task of closing the valves.


When storing R-290, it should be placed in a cool, well-ventilated warehouse, the temperature of the warehouse should be controlled not exceeding 30 ° C, and avoid direct sunlight. It should be stored separately from oxygen, compressed air, oxidizer, etc., to ensure safety. Lighting, ventilation and other facilities in the storage room should be explosion-proof, and the switch should be set outside the warehouse. In addition, the corresponding type and quantity of fire equipment should be equipped. For storage tanks stored in the open air, cooling measures should be taken in summer. When accepting R-290, pay attention to check the name of the product, check the date of bottle inspection, and follow the principle of first-in, first-out to ensure safe use.


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